ch 18 + ch 18 documents

Chapter 18 is about the Colonial Encounters in Asia and Africa.  Behind much of Europe's 19th century expansion lay the massive fact of its Industrial Revolution, a process that gave rise to new economic needs, many of which found solutions abroad. Created the need for extensive raw materials and agricultural products. For example, bananas came from Central America, Rubber came from Brazil, Meat came from Argentina, and gold and diamonds came from South Africa. By 1840, Britain was exporting 60% of its cotton-cloth production, sending millions of yards to Europe. Industrialization society led to serious redistribution of wealth. Colonies and spheres of influence aboard became symbols of great power, status for a nation. Race and Culture changed since now Europeans had more advance techniques and things. Charles Darwin was the man to start "social Darwinism". It was the destruction of  unfitted races. Women and Colonial economy was the things women had to do. Women are expected to feed their own families and usually allocated their own fields with that purpose. Women had to supply food to men in the cities to compensate for very low urban wages. Colonial development served for better or worse to further integration of Asian and African economies into a global network of exchange. Schools trained the army of intermediaries on which colonial rule depended on and modest health care fulfilled some of the civilizing missions.India became a independent country after two centuries of colonial rule by world's first industrial society. It was still one of the poorest of the world's developing countries. As far was religion, Christianity was widely associated with modern education, and in Africa missions schools were primary providers of Western Education. By the 1960s about 50 million Africans claimed Christian identity.

Documents(visual sources)

The scramble for Africa took place as Europe saw Africa as a source for raw materials and opportunities for missionaries. The picture showing a French commander over a dead soldier shows that the French saw Africans as power and that they frequently used Africans for military conquests. The British wanted the area from Egypt and South Africa. The picture showing a British person with both feet on Egypt and South Africa reveals that the British saw themselves as almighty and capable of anything.They want to conquer and take over both lands. The image showing the British and French standing over their territory and a pile of bones shows they did whatever it takes to win. There were no rules in fighting. The image with the Ethiopians fighting off the Europeans shows the power and strength they had to protect their land.

ch 15

Chapter 15 is about the early modern era that was intersected by 2 cultural trends that is still in use in today's world. The decline in Christianity after the Black Plague leading to the Protestant reformation came at quite an interesting time simply because not only was religion changing, peoples ideas about science during the scientific revolution lead to an even further decline in peoples faith. Galileo improved the telescope. Copernicus posited that the sun is at the center of solar system. Also, he said the earth rotates on its axis and planets revolve around the sun. Isaac Newton found the concept of gravitation and invented calculus. 

1st wave: spread of Christianity to North America and South America

2nd wave: Africa, Asia, and Australia , scientific methods; movement for Independence

Ch 14 2nd half + documents

The second part of Chapter 14 talks about two regions that were affected by the demand of fur which were the Northern Americas and Siberia, there were two regions who were in need of the fur and they were the French and Russians. The French and Northern Americas had a good relationship for trade but the Americas encountered negative consequences because the fur hunting was disrupting  due to such high demand and limited supply. The French and Russians were faced with extreme weather and were forced to trade for warm clothes. It was much colder for the French and Russians.The Siberians gave fur to the Russians to pay their dues for protection.

Chapter 14 documents:
1.  The Spanish had silver that drove the economy. Native people did the work.
2. Brazil and Caribbean had sugar that drove the economy. Native people and slaves from Africa did the work
3. North America had plantation that drove the economy and Native people and slaves from Africa did the work.  

ch 14 1st half

Chapter 14 is about how Europeans wanted to be a part of the massive trading that was occurring in the Indian Ocean. The Europeans were able to step in the trade by building many trading posts along the coasts of countries within the Indian Ocean Trade Network. This led to them having a so called "Trading Post Empire" another way they were a part of the trade network was by providing protection to traders from pirates. The Europeans would charge a tax to the traders in order for protection. That was hustle Europeans made because other traders had to go through Europeans. Lastly was the creation of the East India Companies. The companies were backed by the government and it helped solidify their presence in the IOTN(Indian Ocean Trade Network).

ch 13

Chapter 13 is based on the political transformations of Empires and Encounters during 1450-1750 which is known as the early Modern World. The European Advantage was countries on the Atlantic rim of Europe. Counties like Portugal, Spain, Britian, and France were closer to get to America than other countries. They had the advantage because of the distance between Europe and America. They had the advantage over Native Americans because of weapons, tribal conflict, and diseases. The Great Dying was the key of many deaths during this era. Diseases like smallbox, measles, typhus, influenza, malaria, and yellow fever caused alot of deaths. Smallpox was the most common disease for people to get. 90 percent of Native Americans population died. The Columbian Exchange created an acute labor shortage and made room for immigrant newcomers, both colonizing Europeans and enslaved Africans. The communication of labor; migration  and slavery, trade , transfer of plants and animals. Export and imports of diseases , silver, and ideas , and development of global markets. 

CH 16 + documents

 This era was about the abolition of slavery and how it played an important roll in the ideas and practices of the Atlantic revolutions. It interesting that they said the newly freed people didn't achieve anything close to political equality except in Haiti. This was also an era for the nations and nationalism as well as the feminist beginnings. In the documents it was talking about the French Revolution and the "rights of man".  Also, had the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1789 had 14 rules that they were trying to abide by. Fredrick Douglass was an African American who was born a slave but managed to turn that around by becoming an Abolitionist and writer. Whites were afraid of his knowledge because he knew what he was to them. His knowledge was power. Douglass open the door for African Americans and gave them the strength mentally. You can be whatever you want if you put your mind to it.  In 1852 he went to New York for his freedom. The last document was about the Rights of Women. Which is still a big thing going on in the present time. Women want equal rights and treated the same as men. Women wanted to vote and allowed to have a voice. Elizabeth Stanton addressed the US congressional committee in 1892. She was the main advocate for women and the right to vote in the 1920s.

ch 17 industrial revolution

I feel like the balance of pros and cons of the Industrial revolution is certainly fair, but the pros come out on top. As the years goes on it will only be the same movement. We will use fossil fuels for gas and other parts to keep our  vehicles  moving. With technology advancing it will only keep growing. There will be ways to find old things from nature that we can use to help us. It’s all a recycling usage. For example, if a tree been sitting on the ground it will take centuries before it disappear. That oxygen from the tree can be used help us in factories. The tree energy can help produce products. The engine was big during this time because it helped with transportation. With fossil fuel the engine was able to run as well. The cons is the lack of job offerings during this time. People will get replace because it wasn’t many job  opportunities. If you’re sick or have an emergency you can lose your job in seconds because the next person waiting for that chance. Machines were taking over jobs for people too. That’s less money and opportunity for someone to work. For companies it’s cheaper because they don’t have to pay any workers if they have machines.