ch 13

Chapter 13 is based on the political transformations of Empires and Encounters during 1450-1750 which is known as the early Modern World. The European Advantage was countries on the Atlantic rim of Europe. Counties like Portugal, Spain, Britian, and France were closer to get to America than other countries. They had the advantage because of the distance between Europe and America. They had the advantage over Native Americans because of weapons, tribal conflict, and diseases. The Great Dying was the key of many deaths during this era. Diseases like smallbox, measles, typhus, influenza, malaria, and yellow fever caused alot of deaths. Smallpox was the most common disease for people to get. 90 percent of Native Americans population died. The Columbian Exchange created an acute labor shortage and made room for immigrant newcomers, both colonizing Europeans and enslaved Africans. The communication of labor; migration  and slavery, trade , transfer of plants and animals. Export and imports of diseases , silver, and ideas , and development of global markets.